The Mass Media Disability in the Canadian News Media

Question: Present applied sociology on the group of people referred to as "People with Disabilities", making reference to the mass media and how the media portrays this group pf people in the society. Think about your understanding of mass media, ownership and control as well as representation and stereotyping. How has this impacted on People with Disabilities in various communities, for example within an African, Asian, European or American community setting? Answer: Overview The mass media is a very significant element of everyday life and has been vital in the distribution of valuable information to the society. Nevertheless, the impact of the mass media on society is sometimes not beneficial to the society, specifically in relation to disability, where the media continues to add to the inequity and injustice done to disabled people. This present report is on the topic of how the media portrays people with disabilities in the society. The report is based on the understanding of mass media, control, and ownership as well as stereotyping and representation, as well as how it has impacted such people in different communities. It outlines the strategies required to address the scenario and bring changes and future implications and hope. Importance of the chosen topic in sociology Particular attitudes, misconceptions, and beliefs are forms of major concern in the society that that compel certain groups of people to be secluded from the major section of the society. These factors attribute for significant barriers for the people to lead a normal life and become a part of the society. One such section of the society is the disabled people. Negative attitude as reflected by reduced awareness, reduced contact and reduced meaningful communication between disabled and non-disabled people is, therefore, topic of debate at all times (Zhang and Haller 2013). According to van Deursen and Van Dijk (2014) the mass media has always been the most suitable medium for assigning the personal experience of the common people. This implies that the mass media is an efficient vehicle for bringing about the greater understanding of the views of the disabled people. Mass media holds the potential to bring changes in the perceptions of the people about the disabled people. Images and stories shared by the mass media impact on the thinking of common people and thereby establish social norms. People with disabilities have faced issues due to misrepresentation, defamation, and lack of representation in the mass media (Briant, Watson and Philo 2013). This is the reason the topic of how the media portrays disabled people finds an important place in the society. How this group has been represented in the media Some commonly recurring stereotypes have been identified in the mass media by the disabled people. These are: the disabled people as an object of violence or curiosity, as pathetic and pitiable people, as evil or sinister, as laughable, as negative atmosphere, as the super cripple, as his enemy, as a burden and as being unable to take part in the daily life. The stereotypes are mainly evident on television, advertising and press. Disabled people have been under-represented on television. Disabled people rarely appear in quiz shows and soaps. In current affairs programs, stories about these people are usually linked to medical treatment and special achievements (Ellis et al. 2014). As opined by Devotta, Wilton and Yiannakoulias (2013), in fictional programs, disabled characters are seen in thriller and crime film genres as criminals or powerless victims. In the majority of cases, disabled characters are placed not because they are ordinary people but to indicate specifically the oppos ite. The use of disablist language is common in many of the leading newspapers, and another significant aspect is that news about disabled people is usually featured for their sensation value instead of their precision. There are two main ways in which the advertising industry takes part in discrimination. Firstly, disabled people are many times excluded and purposefully ignored by mainstream advertising agencies. Secondly, some advertisers use a particularly distorted view of disabled people for raising money. Implications and effect on this group in various communities The under-presentation of disabled people within the media has understandable implications for the power of the disabled people to impact how it is portrayed in the media. This has the influence on the community at large. Under-presentation of the disabled people has huge social implications (disabilityplanet.co.uk, 2016). The absence of disabled people from mainstream programming along with the connection between disability and medicine underpins the misconception that disabled people are ill and unable to take part in everyday life. These people, therefore, suffer from low self-esteem and confidence. The motivation to become an active part of the society is lost, and the battle with the society continues for ever. In all communities, the unlimited losers are these people who need much console and pacification. It adds to the plight of the people who need to battle against the discrimination to get into the mainstream society. Participation in daily activities of life along with the ordinary people is difficult in terms of getting equal rights and justice. In a society where people from different backgrounds live together, the scenario is the same (disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk, 2016). Strategies to address and change the situation According to Happer and Philo (2013) the main issue with mass media and disabled people is that disabled people have no say in how the television, advertising and the press represent them. There is a requirement to set up different policy initiatives emerging from the disability rights movements for rectifying this situation. This includes more involvement of the media personnel, especially those who are in the higher authority positions. Recruitment of disabled people with greater efforts to work in the media would be a desirable approach. One method of making corporate awareness of disability related issues somewhat less problematic is by integrating such people at different levels of the media organizations. Research needs to be conducted for producing a set of guidelines for enabling advertisers and media personnel avoid discrimination in the future. McCombs (2013) states that a comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation has to be put in place for providing a framework for eff ective policies that can ensure disabled people integrate completely in the mainstream social and economic life of the society. The framework also would send a clear signal throughout the society that discrimination against such people is not acceptable in todays time. This framework of legislation would make sure that the different initiatives are effectively practiced. Future implications and hope Several programs have to be put in place for changing the focus from misinformed, cloying and sensational disability coverage undermining legal advances and public policy towards coverage that leads to the end of disability discrimination by raising public awareness. Such programs would establish a mechanism for monitoring and informing coverage of disability in dramatic representations, news report, and internet report. The goal would be to advance accurate identification of disability issues. Such measures would help in promoting positive images of people having disabilities among the society. The development will be a step in the right direction with the aim of achieving many heights. The discrimination encountered by the disabled people is an individual prejudice, and therefore, attitudes and policies are to be made for providing equal opportunities to such people. Though the media is beginning to change, it is obvious that much more work is required by the disabled community and the media industry, where both learn from each other (Wolbring et al. 2013). Conclusion In the background of the rising awareness of the impact of mass media on lives of people with disability, it is desirable that changes are brought in the minds of people and their attitude towards these people. Stereotypes about disabled people are ingrained in the society and reflected in coverage of the mass media. More attention has to be given to ensure that the mass media is used as a positive force in eliminating stigma and discrimination against the disabled people. The legacy of demeaning, institutionalizing and isolating disabled people needs to be stopped and raising public awareness would be a good approach in this regard. References Briant, E., Watson, N. and Philo, G., 2013. Reporting disability in the age of austerity: the changing face of media representation of disability and disabled people in the United Kingdom and the creation of new folk devils.Disability Society,28(6), pp.874-889. Devotta, K., Wilton, R. and Yiannakoulias, N., 2013. Representations of disability in the Canadian news media: a decade of change?.Disability and rehabilitation,35(22), pp.1859-1868. Disabilityplanet.co.uk. (2016).Media Representation of Disabled People: A Critical Analysis. [online] Available at: https://www.disabilityplanet.co.uk/critical-analysis.html [Accessed 7 Apr. 2016]. disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk. (2016). [online] Available at: https://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk/files/library/Barnes-Media.pdf [Accessed 7 Apr. 2016]. Ellis, K., Goggin, G., Huntsinger, J. and Senft, T., 2014. Disability and social media.The Social Media Handbook, pp.126-143. Happer, C. and Philo, G., 2013. The role of the media in the construction of public belief and social change.Journal of Social and Political Psychology,1(1), pp.321-336. McCombs, M., 2013.Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion. John Wiley Sons. van Deursen, A.J. and Van Dijk, J.A., 2014. The digital divide shifts to differences in usage.New media society,16(3), pp.507-526. Wolbring, G., Mackay, R., Rybchinski, T. and Noga, J., 2013. Disabled people and the Post-2015 development goal agenda through a disability studies lens.Sustainability,5(10), pp.4152-4182. Zhang, L. and Haller, B., 2013. Consuming image: How mass media impact the identity of people with disabilities.Communication Quarterly,61(3), pp.319-334.

Women rights in 1787 and today’s rights an Example by

Women rights in 1787 and today’s rights What is a right? A right is a legal or moral entitlement to do or not to do something. They are rules placed to protect individuals or groups for example if one has a right to live another person has no right to terminate his/her life. In the earlier days rights were unknown and it depended much on the position one held in the society. During and before the 18th Century, men had more rights than women because women were regarded as lesser beings. Male dominance was such that women did not have any say in the society, their rightful place was in the kitchen or at home. Need essay sample on "Women rights in 1787 and todays rights" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Women were so much affected in 1787, as most of their rights were not included in the constitution. For example women had no control over property hence they did not own anything but today women own properties like houses, cars and even land. Men owned the women and divorce was impossible during the old days and this meant that women had to persevere in their marriages. Today all that has changed and women have almost if not more equal rights than their male counterparts including the right to divorce when they so wish. (Schuler, M.1995). Undergraduates Often Tell EssayLab professionals:Who wants to write paper for me?Professional writers recommend:Your Best Essay HelperUniversity Essay Writing Service Write My Paper For Me Reviews Best Essay Writing Service Essay Writing Services 1787 went down in the womens rights calendar as the year when women in all American States lost their voting rights with the exception of New Jersey. This was done when the US Constitutional Convention placed the voting qualifications at the hands of the various states. However the women in New Jersey eventually lost their voting rights in 1807. (Mark C & John G 2003) From this period henceforth until 1920, the women were not allowed to vote. Through agitation, civil disobedience, protest marches and other forms advocacy, the women finally were liberated and could now vote after a radical change in the constitution. This was achieved through the 19th amendment of the U.S constitution in 1920, which allowed the women to vote. Many of the women who labored tirelessly for the changes way back in the early 19th century, never even lived to enjoy this fundamental right that todays women enjoy. (Mark C & John G 2003) The possession of wives by men was because the constitution had given them the right to control any property that was in their control. Women had very little chances in the nation building because most of their rights were not passed in the constitution, during 1787 the women were homemakers and their work was mainly to take care of the children. (Mark C & John G 2003) But today the women have agitated for their rights through the amendments of the constitution and due to this amendments, they have participated in politics and the society, for example through voting they have acquired powers to take care of important issues concerning women and some of the women have now rights to participate in politics. (Schuler, M.1995). Hillary Clinton is able to run for the most powerful seat in the U.S, thanks for the various amendments to the constitution that have taken place over the years. Knowing their rights has given them the freedom just like men of speech that allows them to comment on anything about the government and its governance. This is because of the right of freedom of speech that is guaranteed unlike in the past when they were afraid to voice their opinion on matters of national importance leave alone run for any public office. (Schuler, M.1995). In 1787, women were supposed to be submissive to their husbands and all they were to do was to obey them. The men controlled everything in their possession making them breadwinners of their families. Women did not work and this resulted into a bigger percentage of poor women and that led to the increase of hunger and diseases especially for the widows. Due to all this problems that women encountered today the Global call to action against poverty(GCAD) has come up with International Womens Day (Askin, D.2000) to call for gender equality to end poverty and improvement in maternal health care for all women as their fundamental right. (Schuler, M.1995). In 1787,some women were raped and this left single mothers to play a major role of instilling discipline to their children because the law had denied the women right to sue the rapists. (Brownmiller, S.1975). Due to these unjust laws many women ended up loathing men and seeking solace in lesbianism. Today the rape cases are handled with much more seriousness and the rapists are severely punished including being handed life sentences. Single women were also denied the right to the access of contraceptives as it was only for married women and this caused a lot of unorthodox abortions methods amongst the young teenagers who got pregnant before marriage. After comparing different rights of women in 1787 and today this page tells us about the womens contribution and how it has been recognized. In 1996 the National Womens History Museum (NWHM) located in Washington was formed to promote the womens rights history through special events and educational materials. (Askin, D.K2000) The exhibitions help to celebrate womens role especially the role of women who have played some of the social reforms of history. By holding these events, it inspires young women to pursue their dreams and know their rights and not be intimidated by their male counterparts. Through this body it has also helped some of the women who are still being denied their constitutional rights to recover from their trauma. (Schuler, M.1995). Women have come a long way and by 1920 their struggle for women rights began and by the 19th Constitutional Amendment of United States, women were given more rights that led to the creation of the National Womens hall of fame in 1969. Helen S Hawkins in 1930-1989 was a producer of humanity programs whose mind and work improved the lives of many women in the community. (Harrison. E.1979) Alongside Helen, the hall of fame has also recognized Alice and Hilary Clinton. (Askin, D.K.2000) The hall fame appreciates women who have contributed to the society and freedom of women. Apart from the hall of fame womens history museum has built with a mission to inspire the future generations and the womens contribution to the society. (Harrison, C.E.1979) Conclusion The rights have changed since 1787 and more women are playing leading roles in politics such as Hilary Clinton who is now vying for the presidency in the United States, which is due to the constitutional amendment of women rights to vote. The creation of United Nations in October 24th 1945 has helped to stop violence against women by their male counterparts. Right of speech has allowed women to express how they feel about some rights that affect them and the way they should be implemented. REFERENCES Askin, Kelly D.& Dorean M. Koenig (2000) Women and International Human Rights Law: New York Brownmiller, Susan (1975). Against Our Will: Women and Rape Harrison Cynthia Ellen (1979): Women in American History: Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO Press. Mark C carnes and John Garraty (2003): The American Nation: A History of the United States to 1877; 11th ed., Longman. Schuler, Margaret (1995): From Basic Needs to Basic Rights: Women's Claim to Human Rights. Washington.

Review on Katrina Srigleys book, Bread winning Daughters Young Working Women in a Depression

Introduction Katrina Srigley’s book, Bread winning Daughters: Young Working Women in a Depression-Era City, 1929-1939, elucidates the impact of the great depression to the Canadians living in Toronto. It comprises the findings from a research she carried out employing more than eighty interviews with women who not only lived but also worked in Toronto during the great depression era. Her book brings out the role that young women played during the 1930s in Canada.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Review on Katrina Srigley’s book, Bread winning Daughters: Young Working Women in a Depression-Era City specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was one of the most difficult decades in the twentieth century and its impact was evident in Canada. The two most important factors that characterized this period in history were the economic crash of the stock exchange market as well as the onset of the Second World Wa r. The role of women as well as their lifestyle underwent a huge twist in their attempt to meet the demands of the society. The main issues addressed in the book Srigley argues that the great depression caused economic vulnerability to the populations in Toronto, which led to her desire to examine the plight of the young women during that era since most researchers were concerned about the men. She found out that women had to assist in meeting the basic needs in the family, a phenomenon that did not exist before 1930. She attributes the increase in urban population to the migration of people, mainly women, to the city in search for jobs. For those who got jobs, their primary concern was to support their families back in the rural areas giving the book the title ‘Breadwinning Daughters’. She further explains that in the job market, there were specific jobs for women such as nursing, teaching as well as clerical jobs. The limitations of these jobs were low wages and littl e or no access to power and privileges. The author points out that the young women had to sacrifice a lot to acquire their jobs as well as retain them. Most of the young employed women had to pay dearly to maintain their jobs. They had to quit their education to get a job to be able to support their families. The author explains that truncation of their education increased their vulnerability to jobs with low wages that had no privileges worsening their situations. In addition, employment delayed or even prevented young women from getting married at their desired age. In her research, Srigley found out that during the 1930s careers such as nursing, teaching and clerical works did not allow women to get married. As a result, most young women chose their career over family life although it was a major source of stress to them.Advertising Looking for article on canada? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author attributes the red uction of population in Canada during that time to the fact that fewer women chose to get married. For the women who chose other careers, they did not attract much attention if they did not present a significant threat to domesticity. Most of the women that Srigley interviewed admitted that truncation of their education as well as foregoing marriage were the most difficult choices they had ever made. Conclusion The book presents the major socioeconomic changes that occurred in Toronto during the Great Depression era-in the 1930s. The author’s findings explain the increase in the number of employed women in Toronto as well as the increase in urban population. She points out that though employment of women was important to the economy of the society, it deprived them some privileges such as pursuing their education for better careers as well as family life-marriage. This article on Review on Katrina Srigley’s book, Bread winning Daughters: Young Working Women in a Depression-Era City was written and submitted by user Dorothy R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

che essays

che essays Che Guevara was born Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna on June 14, 1928 in Rosario, Argentina. He lived in a fairly large middle class family. His father Ernesto Guevara Lynch and mother, Celia de la Serna, both had strong ties to the Argentinian ruling class even though they were extremely leftist and instilled their question authority attitude to all of their children including their eldest, Che. Ches father was a jack of all trades and went into business as a plantation owner, boat builder, and architect in the course of his life. His mother was extremely well read and exposed Che to such writers as Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud at a very young age. At the age of two Che developed severe asthma which was to plague him until death. It became so bad that it forced his whole family to move to Alta Gracia in hope that the dry climate will prevent some of the symptoms. Despite Ches ailments he was still very active thanks to his father. He became an accomplished swimmer, horse back rider, soccer player, rugby player, and golfer. And his immense intellect was present in his tactics while playing chess. In 1946, Che enrolled in the University of Buenos Aires for a degree in medicine. There he developed a strong sense of adventure and took time off from school to see the horrid conditions of the Latin American proletariat class. In 1950, Che jimmy-rigged a motor on his bicycle and set out on a 3,000 mile tour of Argentina with his friend Alberto Grenado. The next year Che got a job as a nurse on a cargo ship and sailed around Latin America. While visiting a Chilean copper mine he made friends with communist agitators and had his first taste of open rebellion during a strike protesting working conditions. These experiences of traveling with little or no money and taking jobs along the way opened his eyes to the lifestyles that the majority of the people ...

Outlined based on the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Outlined based on the questions - Essay Example This paper will focus on the Roman, the British, and the Third Reich empire and how they handled their computer administration systems (Black, 2002). The Roman Empire The Ancient Roman Empire began its history as a city-state. The early Roman Empire culture was unique and had a significant influence on the Western world. Rome is known to be an empire that conquered many territories around the Mediterranean Sea. Rome grew into a huge empire because of how it applied technological concepts and ideas in its activities. Roman Empire had powerful administration systems that it used to handle information of individuals and the cities it conquered. This empire would then use the information to give citizenship to the people of those cities (Black, 2002). Roman Empire applied its technologic systems in recruiting its army and administrative purposes such as in voting. Roman Empire relied on agriculture to drive the economy. The infrastructure was made using stone, sand and marrum, which is, still used today where a multi-layering technique was used to ensure stability of the road. Therefore, the ideas and concepts of the Roman Empire are still in use4 today only that modern administrative systems are used today. The Roman Empire had a significant influence on the Western World and continues to do so today (Black, 2002). ... For example the First Generation computers (1951–1959) were made using vacuum tubes as the storage device. Subsequent developers would advance on this original work by replacing various hardware components in order to deliver a more faster and powerful Product. An example is the work of Charles Babbage who was a British mathematician, inventor, philosopher, and mechanical engineer. Babbage invented the first programmable computer that eventually inspired more complex designs such as the abacus. Another example is The Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), that is also referred with the term â€Å"Baby† (Black, 2002). This was the world's first stored-program computer and although initially it was not meant to be a practical computer, it was actually meant for a test bed for Williams Tube, which is the earlier memory device. Baby was built by Frederic C. Williams, Geoff Tootill and Tom Kilburn at the Victoria University of Manchester in the early 1950s was a powerful administrative system with many functions in the British empire owing to its ability of rapid manipulation of numbers (Black, 2002). After the development of Baby, the subsequent computing hardware devices were developed and categorized into various â€Å"generations† based on the technology that would be used. Third Reich The Third Reich,  is the official Nazi designation for in Germany dating from January 1933 to May 1945, and presumed as the official successor of the medieval and early German Empire from 1871 to 1918 referred as the Second Reich. The IBM and the Holocaust book tells the story of IBM's conscious or direct involvement or through its subsidiaries in the Holocaust. Besides this, the book tells of IBM’s involvement in the Nazi

Gender Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender Studies - Essay Example In modern society, media is the most powerful instrument; the advertisement is quickest and easiest method to reach a large number of targeted audience. People engaged in this industry are expert in manipulating the situation in their favor, be it political or commercial. The media constructs ideologies about gender consciousness and pinpoint specific features as masculinity and femininity, all for the sake of increasing consumerism or some other vested interest. The basic problem with these ideologies is that once internalized, individuals are forced to self-regulate and discipline oneself to maintain that abnormality, in spite of psychological disturbances. People become submissive to consumer capitalism, thus gradually creating an army of unsatiated individuals. Media people create 'normal' and 'abnormal' gender frames of reference. Advertisement is not just display of information; instead they are targeted towards potential consumers. They construct meanings for specific services or products and then link them to some cultural messages, which people can easily decipher. The Ads are injected with social values and roles. If we dissect the advertisement, we will find that they are separated in different sections - first is the 'surface meaning', it is usually listing of items. Next, is the 'intended meaning', it is about the service or product, but full of societal messages. Last step of the Ad contains 'ideological or cultural meanings', this implicitly tries to socialize the viewer. For example, if an advertisement is of home food product, it displays who is cooking and serving. This indirectly conveys the message to viewers about our social roles and beliefs. In fact, media do not create any social message but their orientation is 'persua sion-based'. They repeat them constantly, till it become true. According to Bordo, media experts construct unrealistic concepts about masculinity and femininity to widen consumer capitalism. The same is interpreted by Berger, they control our ways of knowledge. Bordo elaborates that these frame of references restricts our way of understanding for gender, thus making men and women objects of the gaze, thus people perceive skewed ideologies about masculinity and femininity. Further, Foucault's argument makes it more evident. According to him, as a result of these, people start self-regulating and disciplining their own normality, based on superficial judgments and so called people's standards. They self-impose so much of restrictions, as if some crime has been committed; more or less it is physical, like bulimia. Rightly, Bordo explains when she says, "Illusions set the standard for real women, and they spawn special disorders and addictions [she created] a mask so thorough, so successful in its illusionary reality that her own naked face now look ed grotesque to her, mottled, pasty, featureless. (169)" Foucault contends that this self-regulating, like the disorders, restrains social agencies by suppressing them to abide by an unrealistic criterion of beauty. In order to regain happiness and have a natural life, people should change their frames of reference or shun such ideologies. The moment such thing happens people would realize nonsensical nature of these ideologies of masculinity and f

Size and Complexity of an Animal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Size and Complexity of an Animal - Essay Example The essay "Size and Complexity of an Animal" talks about the fundamental aspect of animal growth and the relationship between the growth in size and the surface area relative to its volume. The relationship between surface areas to volume ratio is best exemplified by reflection on phylum Porifera. The organism has a smaller surface area in relation to its volume. As a result, it depicts a simple form of exchange with the external environment. For example, nutrients are taken directly from water then enters through pores by cells lining the organism. On the other hand, complex organisms have a larger surface area to volume. As a result, these animals have trouble in acquiring nutrients. Therefore, they have developed a complex mechanism of feeding such as mesoderm in platyhelminths. The development of larger and complex bodies posed a challenge in respiration. The reason is that smaller animals such as sponges could take gasses directly from the surrounding water. As a result, there was no need for a development of the specialized organ. The challenge arises, as organism could not exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide directly with their cells. Moreover, in platyhelminths, the development of flat body enhanced efficient exchange of gasses through diffusion. The flat body help in providing a high surface area to volume ratio and hence easy supply and exchange of gasses. On the other hand, higher animals could not maintain gas exchange through their body surface. As a result, diffusion was not possible on their body surfaces.